Items related to "Human Security Gateway: Cameroon". Fri, 16 May 2008 0:30:20 +0000 Fri, 16 May 2008 0:30:20 +0000 robert_hartfiel@sfu.ca (Robert Hartfiel) Wed, 14 May 2008 12:51:54 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24354 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24354 Ce rapport contient des résumés sur les régions suivants: Afrique australe, Afrique de l’Est, Afrique de l’Ouest et Afrique centrale, et Afrique centrale, et aussi sur les thèmes suivantes: le double défi de la tuberculose et du VIH, circonsion masculine et préventions du VIH, epidémies latentes parmi les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes, la consommation de drogues injectables: un facteur croissant dans plusiers épidémies de VIH de L'Afrique Subsaharienne, et signes de changements vers des comportements à moindre risque. SOURCE: Nations Unies // Programme Commun Des Nations Unies Sur le VIH/SIDA Nations Unies // Programme Commun Des Nations Unies Sur le VIH/SIDA Wed, 14 May 2008 11:35:42 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24338 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24338 Le Rapport sur la gouvernance en Afrique est le fruit de larges travaux de recherche sur les pratiques de gouvernance entrepris dans 27 pays africains par la Commission économique pour l’Afrique (CEA), par l’intermédiaire d’instituts nationaux de recherche, qui ont recueilli, ensemble par échantillonnage, les opinions de plus de 50 000 ménages et de 2 000 experts. Les conclusions, soumises à la CEA entre 2002 et 2004, ont fait l’objet d’un processus rigoureux d’examens auxquels ont participé des experts nationaux et internationaux travaillant sur la gouvernance et les questions politiques et économiques. Ce rapport est la première grande étude de ce type initiée par les pays africains, qui vise à analyser de façon empirique les opinions des citoyens quant à l’état de la gouvernance dans leurs pays, tout en mettant en évidence les principaux déficits de capacité dans les pratiques et institutions de gouvernance et en recommandant des pratiques optimales et des solutions pour y faire face. On s’est attaché à assurer l’appropriation locale de l’ensemble empirique de résultats afin de renforcer l’efficacité et la légitimité de la prise de décisions et de l’effort de sensibilisation aux niveaux national et infrarégional. Les données ainsi générées peuvent être utilisées pour mesurer la performance des gouvernements et de toutes les principales parties prenantes dans leur réponse aux préoccupations exprimées par les citoyens et pour suivre la mesure dans laquelle le contrat qu’ils ont passé entre eux est respecté. Nous avons pris soin de ne pas être trop directif. Le Rapport sur la gouvernance en Afrique contient des recommandations qui découlent essentiellement des réalités propres aux pays, car, pour être durable, la gouvernance doit être replacée dans son contexte et internalisée. SOURCE: Nations Unies // Commission économique pour l'Afrique Nations Unies // Commission économique pour l'Afrique Wed, 14 May 2008 11:02:26 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24335 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24335 Le présent rapport fait la synthèse de la première grande étude continentale visant à mesurer et contrôler les « Progrès accomplis sur la voie de la bonne gouvernance en Afrique », entreprise par la Commission économique pour l’Afrique. Dans le cadre de cette étude, des enquêtes et des recherches ont été menées sur 28 pays. Les résultats complets et l’analyse de l’étude seront publiés en 2005 dans le premier «Rapport sur la gouvernance en Afrique ». La CEA a entrepris ce travail pour évaluer l’idée que les citoyens se font de l’état de la gouvernance en Afrique, pour rassembler des informations sur les meilleures pratiques et pour identifier les principaux besoins de la région en matière de développement des capacités. Le projet a identifié quatre tendances positives sur la voie de la création d’États compétents en Afrique: transitions démocratiques, ouverture politique, liberté d’expression et obligation comptable, et gestion économique. SOURCE: Nations Unies // Commission économique pour l'Afrique Nations Unies // Commission économique pour l'Afrique Thu, 10 Apr 2008 11:11:45 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23535 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23535 While the Chad/Cameroon oil pipeline is being officially touted as beneficial development for the people in Cameroon, the Bagyeli have seen a myriad of negative consequences and few if any positive effects. The Bagyeli are foragers living in the rainforest of Cameroon near the terminus of the pipeline. For the Bagyeli, the pipeline has meant a loss of their habitat and a decline in the foodstuffs they rely on. Through the in-migration of people seeking employment and the increased impoverishment of the Bagyeli, there has been an increased risk of HIV infection as well as an increase in other diseases. As more areas in Chad and Cameroon, as well as other regions of the world, are being opened for oil exploration, the impacts this has on indigenous peoples’ health must be understood and acted upon. SOURCE: Washington State University Washington State University Wed, 26 Mar 2008 12:23:04 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23143 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23143 Au Cameroun, au Gabon, en RCA et au Tchad, la stabilité se voit surtout menacée par le fait que ces états ne sont pas suffisamment capables à garantir la sécurité de leurs populations. Ceci est entre autre à mettre en rapport avec la nouvelle conception élargie de la sécurité. Face à l’ampleur de certains défis ou à leur nature transnationale, l’Etat présente un acteur non approprié pour répondre à l’ensemble des besoins sécuritaires de ses ressortissants. Cette étude vise à montrer que le régionalisme pourrait permettre une approche adéquate pour parer aux menaces de déstabilisation. En Afrique centrale, il se pose cependant le problème que malgré leur relance dans les années 1990, les processus de régionalisation n’ont toujours pas permis de dégager les capacités nécessaires pour une approche efficace des défis contemporains. Ceci peut non seulement s’expliquer par l’orientation économique mais surtout aussi par la structure intergouvernementale des deux organisations régionales, la CEMAC et la CEEAC. En accordant une place prédominante aux représentants des Etats, ces processus ne semblent pas avoir été adaptés au nouveau contexte international et aborder les questions pertinentes pour la sécurité humaine. En se fondant sur une analyse des théories du régionalisme et en faisant appel à l’exemple de la SADC et de la CEDEAO, cette étude cherche à montrer qu’une ouverture des structures régionales aux acteurs non-étatiques pourra constituer une voie pour rendre le régionalisme plus performant sur le plan sécuritaire et renforcer son effet sur la stabilité. Ainsi serait-il possible d’envisager le passage de l’état de coopération à une logique d’intégration régionale. SOURCE: Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:47:44 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19866 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19866 In the last three years, Chad's economy has experienced strong economic growth from its oil industry. In 2004, foreign investments into Chad and petroleum exports via the Chad-Cameroon pipeline were the primary driving forces behind the country's considerable real gross domestic product growth (GDP) rate of 30 percent. In 2005, high oil prices attributed to Chad's GDP growth rate of 7 percent. Investments in Chad's oil industry have led to growth in other areas as well, such as the trade, transportation, and public services sectors. Additional economic growth is expected to come from foreign investment in new oil exploration licenses that are to be offered in 2007. Although oil production was not impeded, Chad experienced civil strife throughout 2006, which included rebel forces marching on the capital, N'Djamena. Cameroon's economy has exhibited steady economic growth since the mid 1990's. However, the country saw a slight decline in real GDP growth after the completion of the Chad-Cameroon pipeline. In 2005, the real GDP growth rate was 2.6 percent. High energy prices have helped offset economic growth declines, but they have also increased inflationary pressures in Cameroon. In 2005, inflation was 2 percent. In May 2006, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank indicated that Cameroon had completed its obligations under the Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative. Cameroon will now receive more than $1 billion in bilateral debt relief and additional multilateral aid, which together, will provide a 50 percent reduction in the country's total external debt. SOURCE: Energy Information Administration Energy Information Administration Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:47:35 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19676 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19676 In early October, Chad joined the club of oil-exporting countries as a result of a unique agreement between its government, a consortium of oil companies, and the World Bank. This partnership, known as the Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project, could change the destiny of Chad and its 7.5 million inhabitants. The project has generated debate regarding whether it could serve as a model for future projects: if successful, not only would it significantly reduce poverty in Chad, it could also encourage other mineral-rich developing countries, multinationals, and aid agencies to emulate it. Moreover, this unique pipeline could overcome the so-called "oil curse" that oil-exporting countries have traditionally suffered by ensuring that petroleum revenues are channeled towards national development. Perhaps due to the importance this project plays in an economy with few natural resource alternatives to oil, Chad has embarked on a path with the World Bank to minimize the risk to private investors. The country also committed to an ambitious program of reforms, including a broad-based consultative process to feed into project design, an oil revenue management plan, capacity building and structural reforms, and the creation of external controls. Nevertheless, the initiative is not without its challenges. Indeed, guaranteeing that oversight mechanisms and good governance standards are realized and enforced, as well as ensuring that political stability is maintained in a country with a history of political volatility are essential to the project's success. The future holds promise for the people of Chad and their government if, in partnership with the foreign entities, they prove able to reap the benefits of this lucrative opportunity. The lessons learned as a result may inform, and herald the onset of, a new generation of development projects. SOURCE: Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:47:20 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19319 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19319 An exceptional mix of U.S. interests are at play in West Africa's Gulf of Guinea. The region starkly illustrates both the challenges and the promise of efforts to foster democracy, respect for human rights, poverty alleviation, counterterrorism, regional conflict prevention and peacekeeping, and to curb HIV/AIDS and other infections diseases, organized crime, corruption, and instability. Also at stake are rising U.S. interests in the region's energy sector, already prominent and set to expand even further in the coming decade. At# the same time, many countries in the region are vulnerable to instability and violence, stemming from vast internal disparities in wealth, poor governance, a lack of state capacity, and rising criminality. SOURCE: Center for Strategic and International Studies // CSIS Task Force on Gulf of Guinea Security Center for Strategic and International Studies // CSIS Task Force on Gulf of Guinea Security Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:46:31 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=18023 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=18023 Countries rich in natural resources are often cursed by corruption, conflict, poor economic growth, low levels of child welfare and other problems. The report explores the reasons underlying the paradoxical link between mineral wealth and child poverty in countries such as Azerbaijan, Colombia, Nigeria, Sudan and Venezuela. Drawing from the experience of these countries and the success stories of Botswana and Norway, it focuses on positive, practical and achievable approaches that key actors can use to lift the 'resource curse' and improve the impact of the extractive industry on children and the rest of their societies. SOURCE: Save the Children Save the Children Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:46:22 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17879 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17879 The $US 4.2billion Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline risks freezing human rights protection for decades to come for the thousands of people who live in its path, says Amnesty International in a new report. The 54-page report examines the framework of legal agreements, known as xe2x80x98Host Government Agreements' (HGAs), governing the construction and operation of the Doba oilfields in Chad and the pipeline that takes the oil to Cameroon's Atlantic coast. The pipeline is supported by the World Bank and is the single largest foreign investment project in Africa. The report finds that the legal agreements governing the project place a xe2x80x98price tag' on human rights by creating financial disincentives for the governments of Chad and Cameroon to protect human rights. The agreements may require the two countries to pay large financial penalties if they interrupt the operation of the pipeline or oil-fields - even when making an intervention to protect rights and enforce laws that apply elsewhere in their countries. This makes it extremely difficult for Chad and Cameroon to take action against company malpractice, and for individuals adversely affected by the pipeline to obtain redress. SOURCE: Amnesty International Amnesty International Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:46:16 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17681 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17681 This article arises out of an ongoing study of the narratives of Cameroonian asylum seekers in the metropolitan city of Johannesburg. The study is based on an analysis of life testimonies about homelessness and exile told within the Cameroonian refugee community in Johannesburg. It seeks to understand, not only the experiences and conditions of exile within a specific group of involuntarily displaced persons in an African city, but also how these experiences are constructed and reconstructed xe2x80x98in the telling'. Therefore, the article attempts to explore one aspect of the study, which is the way experiences of displacement are reconstructed through memory work. The focus of this article is the critical exploration of how the process of remembrance is fashioned and shaped through the use of metaphors, images and symbols. Furthermore, it attempts to show how asylum seekers' recollections of the past impacts on their notions of communal existence, their construction of individual and collective identities, their sense of belonging and how it is used to challenge official versions of displaced persons in South Africa. SOURCE: University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:45:47 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=16530 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=16530 For months, the security situation has been growing increasingly volatile in Chad, which is a neighbouring country to the Far North province of Cameroon. In December 2005, the Cameroon Red Cross Society (1) trained executives from all the divisional committees of the northern part of Cameroon on how to respond to cross-border population movement, with the support of both the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) delegation for Central Africa and the Federation's Central Africa sub-regional office. During last the weeks, the Central African Republic (CAR) has been experiencing a volatile situation and several militia attacks have been registered leading to population movements towards the neighbouring Cameroon. According to the Red Cross local committee in east Cameroon, more than 10,000 people have crossed the border at Goura Boulai. At the same time, the security situation in Chad has deteriorated seriously and population movements into northern Cameroon (around the city of Kousseri) have started. SOURCE: ReliefWeb // International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies ReliefWeb // International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:45:04 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=14945 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=14945 Trafficking in Persons has become a major concern for all countries of Western Africa. The Meeting of ECOWAS Heads of States, in December 2001, adopted a Declaration and the ECOWAS Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons (2002-2003). It directed the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat to prepare proposals for controlling trafficking in persons in the sub-region, with special consideration to the situation of trafficked children. The UNODC project FS/RAF/04/R60 on the "Assistance for the Implementation of the ECOWAS Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons" will strengthen the capacity of the ECOWAS Secretariat and its Member States in implementing the ECOWAS Plan of Action, particularly as it relates to assessment of existing national legislation and the drafting of new legislation in response to the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. This Manual presents the definitions of trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants as well as general guidelines on investigation and prosecution of cases related to trafficking in human beings, with a focus on cooperation between ECOWAS Member States. This Manual is to be used as reference material and in training activities under the project. SOURCE: United Nations // United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime United Nations // United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:44:22 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=13613 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=13613 SOURCE: Protection Project // School of Advanced International Studies // Johns Hopkins University Protection Project // School of Advanced International Studies // Johns Hopkins University Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:43:40 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11894 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11894 The Kirdis of Cameroon consist of some 15 closely related, yet distinct tribes that live in northern Cameroon (as well as southeast Nigeria and southwest Chad). The term "Kirdi" literally means "pagan" in Fulani, and the Kirdi, neither Muslim nor Christian (although a very small number have converted to Islam), usually practice forms of animism and ancestor worship. The Kirdi are isolated and relatively impoverished, but do not have much interaction with the central go#vernment. Whether due to their isolation or the ruling governments neglect, the Kirdi are rarely included in the Cameroonian political sphere. The main political disputes in Cameroon exist between the Francophone community and the English-speakers of western Cameroon. While prior data indicates that the Kirdi would prefer a measure of autonomy, in essence their geographic position and lifestyle provides them this already. SOURCE: Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:43:40 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11895 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11895 Westerners in Cameroon represent one-fifth of the total population, and are English-speaking Christians. Following an increase in southern Francophone power, major cleavages have developed between the state's dominant Francophone population and the highly mobilized and politically active Anglophone West. Anglophones have blamed the government for worsening social conditions and the increased feeling of second-class citizenship within the country. In addition, Anglophones have complained about linguistic discrimination and the brutality of security forces who "occupy" the region. The condition of Westerners in Cameroon is unclear as the major Anglophone demand is to return to the 1972 federal political structure, thereby obtaining substantial autonomy from the dominant Francophone political culture. In the meantime, Francophones fear that all Anglophones are seeking eventual independence. SOURCE: Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:43:11 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=10498 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=10498 Website of the Africa Union. SOURCE: Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:42:41 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=9267 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=9267 While the leaders of African countries have shown strong resistance to non-African forces intervening in the crisis in Darfur, a GlobeScan poll finds that in eight African countries surveyed a majority (7 countries) or a plurality (1 country) believe the UN should have the right to intervene to stop human rights abuses such as genocide, and that the UN is the most popular force to intervene in situations like Darfur. Likewise, a PIPA-Knowledge Networks poll finds 61% favor the UN intervening in the crisis in Darfur, with 54% willing to contribute US troops. Seven in ten favor NATO, including the US, providing support to the African Union peacekeeping operation in Darfur. SOURCE: Program on International Policy Attitudes // GlobeScan // Knowledge Networks Program on International Policy Attitudes // GlobeScan // Knowledge Networks Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:42:04 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=7470 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=7470 Situated in between Ghana and Benin, with a coastline of no more than 56km, Togo is one of Africa's smallest countries. However, what has habitually been a little talked about West African nation holds a long history of political unrest and has recently entered into a phase of instability in the beginning of 2005. Civil society members and organizations are now regrouped in the WANEP network, (West African Network for Peacebuilding) in a joint effort to set a national agenda toward reconciliation, peace and security and lead the way in facing Togo's unprecedented public health, development and education challenges. SOURCE: Sciences Po // Center For Peace And Human Security Sciences Po // Center For Peace And Human Security Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:49 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=6327 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=6327 The Court of Justice of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS/CEEAC) is an institution that exists solely as a possibility on paper. ECCAS was founded upon the decision of the members of the Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) to form a larger community by merging with the Economic Community of the Great Lakes States and a few other states. The Community began to operate, with the appointment of a Secretariat in 1985. SOURCE: Project on International Courts and Tribunals // African International Courts and Tribunals Project on International Courts and Tribunals // African International Courts and Tribunals Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:49 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=6328 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=6328 The Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) is the continuation (envisioned in 1994) of the Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (UEAC/UDEAC) created in 1964. The CEMAC consists of two Unions, the Economic Union of Central Africa (UEAC) and the Monetary Union of Central Africa (UMAC). The Community Court of Justice is one of the organs of the overarching Community. One of the main goals of the CEMAC is the creation of a "true African Common Market." The Court is composed of a Judicial Chamber and Chamber of Auditors. Both chambers are functioning. SOURCE: Project on International Courts and Tribunals // African International Courts and Tribunals Project on International Courts and Tribunals // African International Courts and Tribunals Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:49 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=6331 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=6331 The Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA) is the court of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), one of the most successful regional legal harmonization efforts on the Continent. Unlike the other continental regional integration groups, OHADA does not seek to conform national law to an overarching treaty and successive regulations and directives, which allow national legislature some leeway. Instead, OHADA uses the integration method of issuing binding uniform acts that automatically supercede all prior and future inconsistent national laws. With the goal of creating a secure, simple and modern legal framework for the conduct of business in Africa, OHADA has issued eight uniform acts on general commercial law, commercial companies and economic interest groups, securities, arbitration, simplified recovery procedures and measures of execution, collective insolvency and accounting. SOURCE: Project on International Courts and Tribunals // African International Courts and Tribunals Project on International Courts and Tribunals // African International Courts and Tribunals Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:47 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=6149 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=6149 The Bamileke in Cameroon represent a conglomeration of numerous smaller tribes who are loosely affiliated and share many similarities while retaining separate identities. Bamileke are linked through their common language of Bamileke, a form of Macro-Bantu, but more than 17 languages and dialects are spoken by them. Urban Bamileke (who speak French and English) have managed to dominate local retailing, transport, and are Cameroon's dominant merchant class. Politically however, Bamileke are disenfranchised, as members of President Biya's Bulu ethnic group and of closely related Beti groups of southern parts of the country are represented disproportionately and hold key positions in government, the civil service, state-owned businesses, the security forces, the military, and the ruling CPDM party. There have been no recent sources indicating governmental repression against the Bamileke SOURCE: Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:34 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5008 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5008 Southern Cameroons nationalists continue with their efforts in an attempt to secure a sovereign state, despite the daunting reality of human rights abuse and unprovoked killings that haunt communities living in the threatened region of the country. Without declared charges against them, victims continued to be held in prisons for extended periods of time. Although the case for Southern Cameroons renders in the eye of the international community, still no accord has been made to quell contention between the peoples. SOURCE: University for Peace University for Peace Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:28 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=4373 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=4373 This paper seeks to find out if previous micro-disarmament programs could serve as the basis for policy measures that could effectively tackle the problem of small arms and their misuse in the sub-region of Central Africa. SOURCE: Bonn International Center for Conversion Bonn International Center for Conversion Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:06 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2279 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2279 SOURCE: HIV InSite Database of Country and Regional Indicators // Center for HIV Information // University of California San Francisco HIV InSite Database of Country and Regional Indicators // Center for HIV Information // University of California San Francisco Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:40:58 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=1459 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=1459 The United Nations has started distributing food to about 26,000 refugees from the Central African Republic who have fled to neighbouring Cameroon to escape fighting. SOURCE: Al Jazeera Al Jazeera