Items related to "Human Security Gateway: Argentina". Sat, 17 May 2008 0:30:22 +0000 Sat, 17 May 2008 0:30:22 +0000 robert_hartfiel@sfu.ca (Robert Hartfiel) Wed, 14 May 2008 13:16:16 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24357 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24357 Ce rapport contient des résumés sur les régions suivants: Amérique du Sud et Amérique centrale. SOURCE: Nations Unies // Programme Commun Des Nations Unies Sur le VIH/SIDA Nations Unies // Programme Commun Des Nations Unies Sur le VIH/SIDA Tue, 06 May 2008 11:27:31 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24159 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=24159 On March 24, 2006, people in the city of Buenos Aires, like the majority of the Argentinean population, assembled in the streets. Congress declared the day an official holiday. The President delivered a speech in the Colegio Militar de la Nación (the military academy for training officers) and unveiled a plaque that read: “Never again coups and state terrorism.” In the first row was an assortment of people, ranging from the major leaders of the Madres de Plaza de Mayo to schoolchildren, sitting side-by-side with high-ranking military officers. Later, 100,000 people—carrying various banners, flags and photographs—marched in remembrance of those people who had disappeared. The occasion was the 30th anniversary of the military coup of 1976. The weeks before that date were saturated with information concerning the military coup: exhibitions, lectures and seminars, special issues and supplements of magazines and newspapers, films and television programs, as well as statements by survivors, victims, political leaders and parties, universities, and cultural agents. Public life was consumed by the anniversary and the commemoration. However, it was not entirely a peaceful event; discord and opposition were manifest in a few street incidents, and there was even disagreement about the statement that was to be read at the most important public rally, resulting in an open conflict at the podium. SOURCE: The Human Rights Institute // University of Connecticut The Human Rights Institute // University of Connecticut Fri, 18 Apr 2008 16:57:15 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23753 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23753 Récemment, le CRDI a examiné pourquoi et comment il avait travaillé, au cours des trois dernières décennies, dans des pays en transition — transition de la dictature à la démocratie, d'une économie planifiée à l’économie de marché, de la guerre à la paix. L’objectif du CRDI était de mieux comprendre comment il recueille et diffuse l’information destinée à éclairer l’élaboration de la programmation et les prises de décisions. Comment le Centre avait-il été informé de l’imminence d’une transition? Comment s’était-il renseigné sur la situation ? Comment était-il intervenu? Des études de cas ont été préparées sur l’Algérie, la Birmanie, le Cambodge, le Kenya, l’Afrique du Sud, les pays du cône Sud, le Vietnam et la Cisjordanie et Gaza. Ces huit études de cas et le texte d’introduction qui les accompagne montrent que le CRDI est depuis longtemps capable de travailler dans les situations à haut risque que l’on retrouve avant les transitions et dans la phase initiale de celles-ci. Il en ressort également qu’il a joué un rôle distinct dans l’aide à la recherche et à la conception de politiques axées sur le développement et qu’il a su habituellement adapter sa programmation à des contextes mouvants. SOURCE: Centre de recherches pour le développement international Centre de recherches pour le développement international Fri, 18 Apr 2008 16:38:15 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23747 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23747 Récemment, le CRDI a examiné pourquoi et comment il avait travaillé, au cours des trois dernières décennies, dans des pays en transition — transition de la dictature à la démocratie, d'une économie planifiée à l’économie de marché, de la guerre à la paix. L’objectif du CRDI était de mieux comprendre comment il recueille et diffuse l’information destinée à éclairer l’élaboration de la programmation et les prises de décisions. Comment le Centre avait-il été informé de l’imminence d’une transition? Comment s’était-il renseigné sur la situation ? Comment était-il intervenu? Des études de cas ont été préparées sur l’Algérie, la Birmanie, le Cambodge, le Kenya, l’Afrique du Sud, les pays du cône Sud, le Vietnam et la Cisjordanie et Gaza. Ces huit études de cas et le texte d’introduction qui les accompagne montrent que le CRDI est depuis longtemps capable de travailler dans les situations à haut risque que l’on retrouve avant les transitions et dans la phase initiale de celles-ci. Il en ressort également qu’il a joué un rôle distinct dans l’aide à la recherche et à la conception de politiques axées sur le développement et qu’il a su habituellement adapter sa programmation à des contextes mouvants. SOURCE: Centre de recherches pour le développement international Centre de recherches pour le développement international Thu, 03 Apr 2008 12:51:16 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23381 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=23381 This document aims to give an account of the presence and absence of policies on reparation, truth and justice in Spain from a comparative perspective. First of all, the main rules on material reparation that have been approved in Spain since Franco's death will be introduced. This will be followed by a comparison of the transitional measures of justice adopted in Spain, Chile and Argentina. The intention is to examine how different countries have responded to the similar challenges that emerge in the inevitably awkward and uncertain process of transition to democracy. SOURCE: Peace Justice Conference // Crisis Management Initiative Peace Justice Conference // Crisis Management Initiative Wed, 30 Jan 2008 11:06:13 -0800 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=22097 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=22097 U.S. attention to terrorism in Latin America intensified in the aftermath of the September 2001 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, with an increase in bilateral and regional cooperation. In its April 2007 Country Reports on Terrorism, the State Department highlighted threats in Colombia, Peru, and the tri-border area of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. There were no known operational cells of Islamic terrorists in the hemisphere, but pockets of ideological supporters in the region lent financial, logistical, and moral support to terrorist groups in the Middle East. Cuba has remained on the State Department’s list of state sponsors of terrorism since 1982, which triggers a number of economic sanctions. In May 2007, for the second year in a row, the Department of State, pursuant to Arms Export Control Act, included Venezuela on the annual list of countries not cooperating on antiterrorism efforts. Congress fully funded the Administration’s FY2008 request for $8.1 million in Anti-Terrorism Assistance for Western Hemisphere countries in the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2008 (P.L. 110-161). In the first session of the 110th Congress, the House approved H.Con.Res. 188, which condemned the 1994 bombing of the Argentine-Israeli Mutual Association in Buenos Aires, and H.Res. 435, which expressed concern over the emerging national security implications of Iran’s efforts to expand its influence in Latin America, and emphasized the importance of eliminating Hezbollah’s financial network in the triborder area. The Senate also approved S.Con.Res. 53, which condemned the hostagetaking of three U.S. citizens for over four years by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, while a similar resolution, H.Con.Res. 260, was introduced in the House. SOURCE: Congressional Research Service Congressional Research Service Fri, 25 Jan 2008 10:57:03 -0800 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=22021 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=22021 En ce 21e siècle, l’un des plus grands défis est de veiller à ce que le mouvement accru des investissements internationaux et de l’activité des grandes entreprises ne fasse pas obstacle à notre engagement envers les droits humains. Il ne s’agit pas là d’une question théorique. La complexité de la tâche de concilier les droits humains et les investissements devient apparente lorsqu’on songe à la privatisation de l’eau en Argentine, aux opérations minières aux Philippines, en République démocratique du Congo et au Pérou ou encore à l’usage des technologies de l’information en Chine. SOURCE: Droits et Démocratie Droits et Démocratie Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:47:56 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=20162 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=20162 A Catholic priest accused in a series of deaths and kidnappings during Argentina's "Dirty War" was convicted and sentenced to life in prison Tuesday. SOURCE: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation // Associated Press Canadian Broadcasting Corporation // Associated Press Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:47:45 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19968 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19968 The Dirty War, from 1976-1983, was a seven-year campaign by the Argentine government against suspected dissidents and subversives. Many people, both opponents of the government as well as innocent people, were "disappeared" in the middle of the night. They were taken to secret government detention centers where they were tortured and eventually killed. These people are known as "los desaparecidos" or "the disappeared." SOURCE: Globalsecurity.org Globalsecurity.org Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:47:04 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19045 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=19045 In this report, Amnesty International highlights cases of human rights abuses suffered by Argentine journalists between January 2002 and March 2004, many of which have still not been fully investigated. SOURCE: Amnesty International Amnesty International Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:47:02 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=18743 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=18743 On numerous occasions, Argentinean reports have stated that only the Falkland/Malvinas Islands are deemed mine-affected territories (see Falkland Islands profile). The Office of Humanitarian Demining of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces told the Landmine Monitor that there is also a problem with UXO in the islands. It said no official studies have been made on the existence of UXO in Argentina. The 2000 Landmine Monitor reported that parts of the border between Argentina and Chile have been minedxe2x80x94up to 14 different areas, according to a news reportxe2x80x94but the Argentinean government maintains that all of the mines are on the Chilean side. According to the report, there are several minefields in Argentinean territory, many of which are unmarked. Other reports indicate that there were at least eight mined areas in the regions of the Licancabur and Llullailaco volcanos. Chilean authorities only acknowledge four of these areas are mined.# Argentine authorities opened an investigation in the area of the Llullailaco volcano in 1999, but continued to claim that the only mined-affected territory was the Falklands. In a documentary filmed in the area of the volcano, the director of International Security of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Juan José Arcuri, said, "There are no landmines planted by Argentina in the continental territory of the country." However, the president of the Defense Committee of the National Congress, Waldo Mora, said that there were mines on the Argentine side of the border and that Chile had maps of the minefields. Following the documentary, the Office for Humanitarian Demining of the Joint Chiefs of Staff indicated the possibility of carrying out a field study to accurately determine the risks posed by mines on the Argentine side of the border. While mine clearance has in the past been a topic in official discussions between Argentina and Chile, the Landmine Monitor reports no progress in these discussions since 1999. SOURCE: Journal of Mine Action Journal of Mine Action Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:46:22 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17976 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17976 This paper first looks at common causes of organised violent conflict in Latin America, paying particular attention to the role of inequality and the transition from discontent to violence. It also considers the potential costs of such conflict. It then examines the potential contribution of dialogue to conflict prevention and resolution. Dialogue is an approach that has recently been promoted widely in the region, primarily because its methodology offers the opportunity to address political inequality while at the same time dealing with other key issues. The final section uses this framework to examine the three cases of Argentina, Bolivia and Venezuela, providing analysis of the nature and causes of current conflicts, and of the impact of dialogue as a conflict resolution tool. SOURCE: United Nations // United Nations Development Programme // Human Development Report Office United Nations // United Nations Development Programme // Human Development Report Office Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:46:04 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17182 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17182 Concern for human rights must be at the heart of any foreign investment project, says a new report by Rights & Democracy. The report documents the effect of five such projects - three of which are Canadian - on communities in Africa, South America and Asia. Human Rights Impact Assessments for Foreign Investment: Learning from community experiences in the Philippines, Tibet, Democratic Republic of Congo, Argentina, and Peru, also introduces an assessment methodology designed specifically for use by communities affected by foreign investment. "Our research shows that attention to human rights must be integrated into all phases of project planning and implementation if foreign investment is to achieve its promise of social and economic development," said Jean-Louis Roy, President of Rights & Democracy. "Adopting a practical approach to community-led human rights impact assessments will help to reduce the gap between legal standards and practice on the ground." The five case studies presented in the report are: mining operations in Mindanao, Philippines (TVI Pacific, Canada); communications technology on the Gormo-Lhasa railway, Tibet (Nortel, Canada); mineral refining in the Katanga region, Democratic Republic of Congo (SOMIKA, Canada-DRC); water privatization in Buenos Aires, Argentina (Aguas Argentina); mineral refining in La Oroya, Peru (Doe Run Resources, USA). SOURCE: Rights and Democracy // International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development Rights and Democracy // International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:46:03 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=16985 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=16985 Christian Federico von Wernich, who was born in 1938 and who is of German origin, became chaplain of the Buenos Aires Provincial Police in 1976. Von Wernich is accused of having abused his position in the clergy in order to obtain information from political prisoners during confession. One of the most atrocious crimes in which von Wernich is said to have participated was that of the "group of seven" (Grupo de los siete) students who he allegedly "broke" through confession and who were later killed. It is alleged that he often visited the relatives of the seven students asking for money and telling them that their children were going to be released soon if they cooperated. He allegedly promised the same to the students, as in the case Cecilia Idiart, who later was killed. SOURCE: Track Impunity Always Track Impunity Always Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:46:03 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17041 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=17041 Argentina is a federal constitutional democracy with an executive branch headed by an elected president, a bicameral legislature, and a separate judiciary. Free and fair presidential elections were held in April 2003; although no candidate gained sufficient votes to win in the first round, former President Carlos Menem withdrew his candidacy before the second round, and President Nestor Kirchner assumed office on May 25, 2003. The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but it was often inefficient and at times subject to political manipulation. The President is the constitutional commander-in-chief, and a civilian Defense Minister oversees the armed forces. Several agencies share responsibility for maintaining law and order. In August, the President returned authority over the Federal Police (PFA), the Border Police, and the Coast Guard from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights to the Secretary of Security, under the Ministry of Interior. The PFA has jurisdiction in the Federal Capital and over federal crimes in the provinces. Provincial police are subordinate to the provincial governors. While civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces, there were instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of government authority. Some members of the security forces committed human rights abuses. SOURCE: U.S. Department of State U.S. Department of State Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:45:47 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=16499 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=16499 Generally, truth commissions are bodies established to research and report on human rights abuses over a certain period of time in a particular country or in relation to a particular conflict. Truth commissions allow victims, their relatives and perpetrators to give evidence of human rights abuses, providing an official forum for their accounts. In most instances, truth commissions are also required by their mandate to provide r#ecommendations on steps to prevent a recurrence of such abuses. SOURCE: United States Institute of Peace United States Institute of Peace Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:45:38 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=16211 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=16211 The Falklands War was by far the largest and most extended series of naval battles since the Pacific campaign in World War II. Designated Operation CORPORATE by the British, the five month war included the world's most significant amphibious operations since the Inchon landings in 1950, a logistics pipeline of over 7000 miles, and a winter combat arena 3300 miles from the nearest friendly base at Ascension Island. Argentina's claim on the Falklands (which it calls the Malvinas Islands) was based on sheer proximity to Argentina's mainland and its purported "inheritance" of sovereignty from the failed 1810 Spanish government. This claim had great emotional significance for the Argentinean public, and had been part of public school history curricula for generations. The actual motivation for Argentina's April 1982 invasion was a more immediate threat to General Leopoldo Galtieri's ruling military junta: internal instability in Argentina threatened to topple his dictatorship. Galtieri needed a uniting diversion, an outside conflict to distract the public and maintain domestic control. SOURCE: Globalsecurity.org Globalsecurity.org Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:44:43 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=14330 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=14330 Latin America's Tri-Border Area (TBA), bounded by Puerto Iguazu, Argentina; Ciudad del Este, Paraguay; and Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, is an ideal breeding ground for terrorist groups. The TBA is a lawless area of illicit activities that generate billions of dollars annually in money laundering, arms and drug trafficking, counterfeiting, document falsification, and piracy. The TBA offers terrorists potential financing; access to illegal weapons and advanced technologies; easy movement and concealment; and a sympathetic population from which to recruit new members and spread global messages. While the TBA is not currently the center of gravity in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), it has an important place in the strategy for combating terrorism. SOURCE: U.S. Army Combined Arms Center U.S. Army Combined Arms Center Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:44:29 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=13881 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=13881 CELS aims to denounce violations of Human Rights, to affect the process of expression of public policies based on the respect of the fundamental rights and to promote the largest practice of these rights for the most vulnerable classes of society. SOURCE: Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:44:07 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=13161 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=13161 This report assesses the activities of organized crime groups, terrorist groups, and narcotics traffickers in general in the Tri-Border Area (TBA) of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, focusing mainly on the period since 1999. Some of the related topics discussed, such as governmental and police corruption and anti-money-laundering laws, may also apply in part to the three TBA countries in general in addition to the TBA. This is unavoidable because the TBA cannot be discussed entirely as an isolated entity. Based entirely on open sources, this assessment has made extensive use of books, journal articles, and other reports available in the Library of Congress collections. It is based in part on the author's earlier research paper entitled "Narcotics-Funded Terrorist/Extremist Groups in Latin America" (May 2002). It has also made extensive use of sources available on the Internet, including Argentine, Brazilian, and Paraguayan newspaper articles. One of the most relevant Spanish-language sources used for this assessment was Mariano César Bartolomé's paper entitled Amenazas a la seguridad de los estados: La triple frontera como xe2x80x98xc3xa1rea gris' en el cono sur americano [Threats to the Security of States: The Triborder as a xe2x80x98Grey Area' in the Southern Cone of South America] (2001). The selective bibliography includes books, journal articles, and other reports. Newspaper and magazine articles are footnoted. This report also includes an appendix containing brief profiles of six alleged operatives of Islamic fundamentalist groups in the TBA and a diagram of drug-trafficking routes in the region. SOURCE: Library of Congress Library of Congress Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:43:50 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=12241 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=12241 This monograph begins with a short discussion of contemporary insurgency. It makes the argument that, in studying terror war, guerrilla war, or any other common term for insurgency war, we find these expressions mischaracterize the activities of armed groups that are attempting to gain political control of a nation-state. The fact is that these organizations are engaged in a hi#ghly complex political-psychological war. Three key harbinger cases from which the first contemporary lessons of modern insurgency should have been learned provide the basis for the argument--Peru (1962 to date), Italy (1968-82), and Argentina (1969-79). Given that these kinds of conflict--or mutations--are likely to continue to challenge U.S. and other global leadership over the next several years, it is important to understand them. In this connection, it is also important to understand that the final results of insurgency or counterinsurgency are never determined by arms alone. Rather, a successful counterinsurgency depends on a holistic process that relies on civilian and military agencies and contingents working together in an integrated fashion to achieve a mutually agreed political-strategic end game. SOURCE: Strategic Studies Institute // U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute // U.S. Army War College Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:43:50 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=12314 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=12314 Derechos Human Rights is an international organization working for the respect and promotion of human rights all over the world. Our work consists on educating the public about human rights and human rights violations; on investigating human rights abuses, including their causes, development and consequences; on contributing to the development of international and national human rights law and the rule of law; on preserving the memory of the victims of human rights violations and fighting against the impunity of human rights violators; and on carrying out hands-on projects of assistance to human rights NGOs, activists and victims of human rights or humanitarian law violations. We use the internet as our primary communication and information tool. SOURCE: Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:43:40 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11979 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11979 Spain's most famous investigator, Baltasar Garzon, is playing a key role in uncovering al-Qaeda activity in the country. SOURCE: British Broadcasting Corporation British Broadcasting Corporation Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:43:39 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11765 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11765 On the eve of the 30th anniversary of the military coup in Argentina, the National Security Archive posted a series of declassified U.S. documents and, for the first time, secret documents from Southern Cone intelligence agencies recording detailed evidence of massive atrocities committed by the military junta in Argentina. The documents include a formerly secret transcript of Henry Kissinger's staff meeting during which he ordered immediate U.S. support for the new military regime, and Defense and State Department reports on the ensuing repression. The Archive has also obtained internal memoranda and cables from the infamous Argentina intelligence unit, Battalion 601, as well as the Chilean secret police agency, known as DINA, which was secretly collaborating with the military in Buenos Aires. SOURCE: National Security Archive // George Washington University National Security Archive // George Washington University Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:43:39 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11803 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=11803 Miguel Etchecolatz was born in 1929. During the first years of the military dictatorship in Argentina, he was Commissioner General of Police in Buenos Aires and the right-hand man of Police Chief Ramxc3xb3n Camps. From March 1976 until late 1977, he served as Director of Investigations of the provincial police. During this period, more illegal arrests were carried out in Buenos Aires than in any other province. SOURCE: Track Impunity Always Track Impunity Always Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:42:56 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=9746 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=9746 The governments of Argentina and Uruguay are at loggerheads. The conflict involves the construction of two plants designed to produce paper pulp, one backed by Spanish capital and the other Finnish, in the Uruguayan city of Fray Bentos. The Argentines see the venture as environmental aggression, making it a bilateral issue. Uruguay considers it a strictly internal, domestic matter in which the country's sovereignty is at stake. The conflict arose from local political battles and electoral issues in the Argentine province of Entre Rxc3xados. From there, with President Kirchner's support (or unwillingness to stop it), it became a nationa#l issue. Uruguay's response has been uncompromising and the constant criticism of Mercosur expressed by different political and economic actors has amplified a large number of complaints against Argentina. The two governments could lose control of the dispute since strong nationalist feelings have been stirred up among the general public. In fact, the conflict mounted steadily through February, as the Argentine Congress authorised the government to approach the International Court in The Hague, the Uruguayan government requested mediation before the Organisation of American States (OAS) and Argentina proposed that work on the projects be stopped for three months. This demonstrates how the conflict has gone beyond the bounds of Mercosur, given the apparent inability of Brazilian diplomacy to deal with a dispute which, if it continues to worsen, threatens to ruin what little remains of Mercosur. However, in early March there were a few, though insufficient, signs that tensions may be easing. SOURCE: Elcano Royal Institute Elcano Royal Institute Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:42:47 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=9425 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=9425 SOURCE: HIV InSite Database of Country and Regional Indicators // Center for HIV Information // University of California San Francisco HIV InSite Database of Country and Regional Indicators // Center for HIV Information // University of California San Francisco Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:42:31 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=8789 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=8789 In March 2005, members of the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) Working Group on Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) issued a questionnaire to states parties regarding ERW and International Humanitarian Law (IHL). This memorandum contains an analysis by Human Rights Watch of the responses provided by states parties to the questionnaire. Human Rights Watch believes that the responses to date lead to the conclusion that national implementation measures, especially with regard to cluster munitions and the submunitions they dispense, are not adequate, and that additional measures are required to ensure adequate protections for civilian populations. SOURCE: Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:42:30 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=8624 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=8624 The arrest in Spain of Argentine Rodolfo Almiron has brought back memories of a dark chapter in Argentina's history - that of the death squads that targeted left-wingers before the 1976 military coup. Mr Almiron is wanted in his home country for murders committed in the 1970s by the Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance, or Triple A - a far-right organisation responsible for hundreds of deaths between 1973 and 1975. SOURCE: British Broadcasting Corporation British Broadcasting Corporation Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:42:21 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=8325 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=8325 Based on a number of surveys examining the jurisprudence of a total of sixteen nations - Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Ukraine, UK, and USA - this report examines the issue of impunity of companies regarding economic activities linked to human rights abuses and armed conflict. The report aims to provide clarity as to the existing laws, norms and mechanisms governing economic actors in a war zone linked to a repressive dictatorship. It also examines what concrete liabilities are created when a company is involved in international crime and under which jurisdictions they fall. SOURCE: Fafo Institute for Applied International Studies Fafo Institute for Applied International Studies Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:42:05 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=7575 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=7575 Backgrounder on indicted Argentine war criminal Jorge Rafael Videla. SOURCE: Track Impunity Always Track Impunity Always Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:40 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5652 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5652 September is marked by positive economic news for Brazil. The Venezuelan opposition's charge of fraud in the tallying of the August 15 referendum results gets no traction. The Colombian government's effort to disarm paramilitary groups is encountering problems. Newly-inaugurated Panamanian President Martin Torrijos faces what has become a common challenge for new Latin American chief executives. The Government of Haiti reports that 1,500 people were killed, more than 200,000 left homeless and over 1,050 missing in the wake of tropical storm Jeanne. UN report identifies Canada as a key beneficiary of outsourcing. Argentina and Brazil integrate energy efforts. Mexican President and Japanese Prime Minister sign #n a bilateral free trade agreement. Dominican Republic's president indicates he will not veto a new tax bill. SOURCE: Center for Strategic and International Studies Center for Strategic and International Studies Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:39 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5559 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5559 The Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (Equipo Argentino de Antropologxc3xada Forense, EAAF) is a non-governmental, nonprofit, scientific organization that applies forensic sciences - mainly forensic anthropology and archaeology- to the investigation of human rights violations in Argentina and worldwide. EAAF was established in 1984 to investigate the cases of a#t least 10,000 disappeared people in Argentina during the military government that ruled from 1976-1983. SOURCE: Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:39 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5560 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5560 L'équipe argentine d'anthropologie médico-légale (Equipo Argentino de Antropologxc3xada Forense, EAAF) est une organisation scientifique non gouvernementale à but non lucratif qui applique les sciences médico-légales - essentiellement l'anthropologie et l'archéologie médico-légales - à l'investigation des violations des droits de l'homme dans le monde entier. Elle fut établie en 1984 pour investiguer les cas des personnes disparues en Argentine sous le dernier gouvernement militaire (1976-1983). SOURCE: Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:39 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5561 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5561 In 2004, EAAF continued its work in Argentina to identify people who disappeared during the last military regime, moving investigations forward in the Provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Cxc3xb3rdoba, Santiago del Estero and Entre Rios. The team also continued to work on the re-examination of unscientific exhumations related to disappeared people. EAAF team members conducted training for a variety of audiences and taught courses at different universities to strengthen the forensic anthropology field in Argentina. SOURCE: Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:39 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5562 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5562 In 2004, EAAF continued its work in Argentina to identify people who disappeared during the last military regime, moving investigations forward in the Provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Cxc3xb3rdoba, Santiago del Estero and Entre Rios. The team also continued to work on the re-examination of unscientific exhumations related to disappeared people. EAAF team members conducted training for a variety of audiences and taught courses at different universities to strengthen the forensic anthropology field in Argentina. SOURCE: Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:38 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5355 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=5355 Backgrounder on Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, accused in Spain of genocide and torture in Argentina. SOURCE: Track Impunity Always Track Impunity Always Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:20 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=3542 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=3542 A series of extraordinary and closely inter-related judicial and non-judicial developments have unfolded in Chile and Argentina during the course of the past 12 months. Some thirty years since State-orchestrated civilian repression led to the disappearance, torture and death of thousands of individuals in both countries, leaving profound and still unhealed societal scars, the heretofore seemingly entrenched impunity for those offenses is only now being eroded. SOURCE: American Society of International Law American Society of International Law Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:18 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=3485 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=3485 Backgrounder on Rodolfo Almiron, accused in Spain of crimes against humanity in Argentina. SOURCE: Track Impunity Always Track Impunity Always Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:13 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2988 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2988 Jason McClure looks at how the international system does not understand the full weight third world nations attach to various objectives. In "The Falklands War: Causes and Lessons," McClure examines the Falklands/Malvinas War from a broad context of international relations by looking at the specific intentions and motivations for invasion. SOURCE: Center for Contemporary Conflict Center for Contemporary Conflict Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:11 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2756 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2756 There are 16 to 20 indigenous groups in Argentina which dwell primarily in the North of the country, bordering Bolivia and Paraguay. The larger groups are the Collas (35,000), the Chiriguanos (15,000), the Tobas (15,000), the Mapudungun (40,000) of the Chaco, the Guaranies (10,500) of Misiones, and the Wichi (25,000). Further South, about 36,000 Mapuches live in the province of Nequen and Tehuelches, bordering on Chile. There are also varying estimates of Quechua and Quichua speakers in Argentina depending upon seasonal employment. In the Tierra del Fuego, there are also some Selk'namgon people. Argentine indigenous groups have periodically protested their condition, though rarely directly confronting authorities, or in significant numbers. Only one instance was found 1999-2000, when protesters in the city of General Mosconi burned City Hall and destroyed stores and a bank, after National Guardsmen attacked their barricade. SOURCE: Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:11 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2757 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2757 Argentine Jews live primarily in urban areas; 200,000 live in Buenos Aires, 20,000 in Rosario, 9,000 in Cordoba and 20,000 in rural communities. The majority of these Jews are Ashkenazi, only 15 percent are Sephardic. The Ashkenazi majority includes Orthodox, Conservative and Reform groups - nearly all speak Spanish. Jews are active throughout Argentine society, and have achieved prominence in many sectors, including journalism and the arts. Argentina's Jews face a peculiar situation; while the community has a history as old as any in the country, some of the more virulent forms of anti-Semitism also migrated across the Atlantic. While several Argentine presidents (post-1983) have made good-faith efforts to address such problems, their effectiveness has often been handicapped by corrupt and racist mid-level officials. Moreover, attacks on Jews and Jewish cultural symbols have persisted, despite official efforts to eradicate them. Finally, though the economic decline has affected all Argentine citizens, it has also appeared to feed jingoist tendencies in the broader society, as demonstrated by the reappearance of neo-Nazi groups in Buenos Aires. However, barring a wholesale regime change (such as another period of military rule), direct attacks on Argentina's Jewish community appears unlikely. SOURCE: Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Minorities at Risk Project // Center for International Development and Conflict Management // University of Maryland Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:08 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2481 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2481 Canada and the United States amend the NORAD agreement. The United States and Mexico sign a Social Security Totalization Agreement. Leonel Fernxc3xa1ndez is sworn in as President of the Dominican Republic. The OAS and Carter Center confirm that about 60 percent of those going to the polls voted to keep President Hugo Chxc3xa1vez in office. President Lula's opposition gains more ammunition for criticizing the government. The Colombian government offer of a "humanitarian" exchange with the FARC is a major policy shift. The Presidents of Peru and Bolivia sign a letter of intent to work jointly to facilitate the process of exporting natural gas. The Kirchner administration attempts to bring security to Argentina. The United States renews support for hemispheric anti-terrorism efforts. SOURCE: Center for Strategic and International Studies Center for Strategic and International Studies Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:05 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2217 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2217 The Western Hemisphere Subcommittee of the House International Relations Committee holds hearings on trade disputes in Ecuador and Peru. Thanks to booming exports, Brazil expects to grow 4.5 percent this year. Argentine Supreme Court declares the conversion of dollar-denominated bank deposits into pesos constitutional. Nicaraguan President Enrique Bolaxc3xb1os faces impeachment threat over campaign finance allegations. Vxc3xa1zquez wins first round of presidential elections in Uruguay. A Canadian submarine is rescued by the British Royal Navy off the coast of Scotland. Government officials in the Dominican Republic say there is still time to negotiate with the United States on sugar. Mexican President Vicente Fox visits Ottawa. The Governor General of Canada opens the new session of parliament on October 5, 2004. Proposals to change the Hydrocarbons Laws creates a political and economic firestorm in Bolivia. SOURCE: Center for Strategic and International Studies Center for Strategic and International Studies Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:41:03 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2002 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=2002 During the "dirty war" which caused havoc during the period 1976-1983 under the military dictatorship of Jorge Rafael Videla, between 13'000 and 30'000 people went missing in Argentina. One of the methods used to get rid of opponents to the regime without trace was to organise "flights of death" during which the people who had been abducted were thrown out of the aircraft, naked and unconscious, into the ocean thousands of metres below. Scilingo was an Army officer at the dreaded Esma (Argentine Army's High School for Mechanics). In this position, he is said to have taken part in two flights of death, during which around thirty people were killed. SOURCE: Track Impunity Always Track Impunity Always Wed, 24 Oct 2007 03:40:40 -0700 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=112 http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/showRecord.php?RecordId=112 SOURCE: Protection Project // School of Advanced International Studies // Johns Hopkins University Protection Project // School of Advanced International Studies // Johns Hopkins University